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.FREUDIAN PERSPECTIVE

Objective

Physiological substratum for theory

Emphasized causality

Reductionistic:

The individual is divided into “Parts” antagonistic toward each other:

id-ego-superego; Eros v. Thanatos;

conscious v. unconscious

The study of the individual centers about the intrapersonal and the intrapsychic. [medical model]

The establishment of intraharmony constitutes the ideal goal of psychotherapy. "Where Id was, there shall Ego be." (Freud)

People are basically "bad." (Freud) Civilization attempts to domesticate them, for which they pay a heavy price. Through therapy the instinctual demands may be sublimated but not limited.

Description of child development based upon the free associations of adults

Emphasis upon the Oedipus situation and its resolution.

Women feel inferior because they envy men their penises. Women are inferior. "Anatomy is destiny."

Neurosis has a sexual etiology.

Neurosis is the price we pay for civilization.

JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE

Subjective

Social Psychology

Emphasized Teleology

Holistic:

The individual is indivisible.

S/he is a unity and all parts (memory, emotions, behaior) are in the service of the whole indivdiual.

People can only be understood interpersonally, and as social beings moving through and interacting with their environment.

"Man is never helped by what he thinks for himself, but only by revelations of a wisdom greater than his own. It is this which lifts him out of his distress." (Jung)

People are a wonder of "stupefying potentialities" and have an inherent impulse for synthesis within their own personalities: conscious with the unconscious; good with evil; life with death.

Children were studied directly.

Oedipus Story is seen as but one mythological pattern among many.

Women feel inferior because in our cultural milieu women are undervalued Men have privileges, rights, preferred status, although in the current cultural ferment these roles are being reevaluated.

"The causes of neurosis lie in the present as well as int eh apst; and only a still existing cause can keep a neurosis active." (Jung)

Neurosis contracts. Civilization expands. "I prefer to look at man in light of what in him is healthy and sound. Freud's is not a psychology of the healthy mind." (Jung)